ABSTRACT
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with global existence caused by tapeworm of family Taeniidae and genus Echinococcus. It is transmitted by feco oral route or direct contact with dogs. A 7-year-old female was admitted with cough, fever, chest pain and history of contact with dog. Chest radiography showed round to oval mass with air fluid level while ultrasonography of thorax was suggestive of a large cystic lesion in right mid zone with dense moving echo and multiple hyper echoic foci with connected artifacts without calcification. Computerized tomography showed large cystic lesion containing fluid with air within it in right mid zone. Initially cystic aspiration followed by pericystectomy was done. Health education, hand washing practices, creating awareness and protection of intermediate host by vaccine will help to control the disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) remains the best measure in the prevention of ovarian cancer as it lacks an effective screening tool. The need to perform prophylactic BSO shouldn't dictate the route of surgery. To assess the feasibility of prophylactic BSO during vaginal hysterectomy. To analyze the safety of the vaginal BSO.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Velammal Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India from June 2016 to June 2018 over a period of 3 years. 54 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign uterine disease in whom concomitant prophylactic BSO was attempted were included in the study. Preoperative data like age, parity, menopausal status, BMI, previous pelvic surgeries were noted from the admission record. Intraoperative details like indication for surgery, surgical procedure, duration of surgery and complications like hemorrhage, bladder, ureter and bowel injury were collected from the operative record. Postoperative recovery details were also noted down from the case sheet. The collected data were then analyzed.Results: Of the 54 women included in the study, transvaginal BSO was successful in 53 (98.1%) women. There was one case of primary haemorrhage due to slippage of ovarian pedicle, another patient required laparotomy for completing BSO. None had bladder, ureter or bowel injury.Conclusions: Prophylactic BSO is both feasible and safe in almost all patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Developing the skill to perform transvaginal BSO can inspire gynaecologists to move a step forward and deal with benign adnexal pathology concomitantly at vaginal hysterectomy. The risk of remnant ovarian syndrome post vaginal oophorectomy is unknown.
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Background: Euthyroid diseases are frequently observed in clinical practice. They comprise both functional abnormalities such as overproduction and underproduction of thyroid hormone as a consequence of intrinsic thyroid diseases, as well as the development of structural abnormalities like goiter, adenoma or carcinoma. In community surveys, prevalence rates of elevated TSH levels – indicating impaired thyroid hormone secretion – range from 4–10% while prevalence rates of decreased TSH levels – indicating thyroid hormone overproduction – range from 0.7–1.5 %. Aim of this study: To assess the thyroid function, in euthyroid subjects, is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome parameters. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Siruvachur, Perambalur District, Trichy. Total of 100 cases was included in the study homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA- IR) metabolic syndrome was defined according to the national cholesterol education program’s adult treatment panel III criteria. Results: The T4 (FT4) was significantly associated with total cholesterol (standardized beta (β) = - 0.059; P = 0.014), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.068; P = 0.004), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.100; P < 0.001), and triglycerides (β = -0.102; P < 0.001). Both FT4 and TSH were significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.133; P <0.001 and β = 0.055; P = 0.024, respectively). Median HOMA-IR increased from 1.42 in the highest tertile of FT4 to 1.66 in the lowest tertile of FT4. FT4 was significantly related to four of five components of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure), independent of insulin resistance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate-regulating hormone primarily secreted by osteocytes. Levels of FGF23 increase as kidney function declines as a physiologic response to maintain normal serum phosphate levels and neutral phosphate balance. Although FGF23 helps to prevent hyperphosphatemia, elevated circulating levels are independently associated with vascular dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased risk for ESRD, and death in patients with CKD. Aim of the study: To evaluate the FGF23 and eGFR levels in chronic kidney disease patients to compare them with healthy controls. Materials and methods: Totally 100 patients were included in the study. The study was conducted from June 2018 – November 2018 over a period of 6 months at Nephrology department of DSMCH, Perambalur. Group – I (50) who were in CKD stage - IV. Group - II (50) healthy controls were included in the study. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was estimated by standard techniques and results are analyzed accordingly. Results: The mean value of FGF23 in Group – I was 730.7 ± 492.72 pg/ml was higher than that of the Group – II whose mean value was 39.49 ± 12.47 pg/ml and this difference was statistically significant( p<0.05). Group – I had very low mean eGFR levels than Group - II and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher FGF23 levels are independently associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers in patients with CKD and with significantly greater odds of severe inflammation. Future studies should evaluate whether inflammation modifies the association between FGF23 and adverse outcomes in CKD.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common pregnancy-related thyroid disorder, affecting 3– 5% of all pregnant women. Pregnant women are often iron deficient, and iron deficiency has adverse effects on thyroid metabolism. Impaired maternal thyroid function during pregnancy may cause neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. Iron deficiency is frequent during the first trimester of pregnancy and associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity, higher serum TSH and lower fT4 levels. Anemia is a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBC's) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can have several reasons, such as abnormality of the formation and reduction on the half-life of the red cells. Aim of the study: To evaluate the thyroid status in second-trimester antenatal cases. Materials and methods: Totally 60 female patients were included in the study. Group-1(30) pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Group -2(30) pregnant women without hypothyroidism. The study was conducted from July – November 2018 over a period of 6 months at OG Department of DSMCH, perambalur. Ferritin levels were estimated in 60 female patients newly diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism using chemiluminescence technique (advia centaur cp). Total T3 and T4 levels were estimated using radioimmunoassay. Free T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were estimated using chemiluminescence. These were then compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results were correlated statistically. Results: Serum ferritin levels were found to be significantly reduced in pregnant women with hypothyroidism compared to normal pregnant women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Complications that may occur during pregnancy and delivery could be due to low thyroid function, but was not able to be clearly proven in this study. Although prior or early- Nageshwari A, G. Kavitha. To evaluate the influence of ferritin on thyroid hormones in second trimester antenatal cases in Perambalur District. IAIM, 2019; 6(1): 30-34. Page 31 pregnancy testing for iodine level and thyroid function can help early identify iodine deficiency and thyroid disorder, justifying a general screening will require further studies with multicentrerecruitment and ante-natal clinics involvement